Pigmentation develops when melanin production becomes increased or unevenly distributed within the skin. Common contributing factors include sun exposure, hormones, inflammation, ageing and genetics.

Melasma is a chronic pigmentary condition characterised by symmetrical brown patches, commonly affecting the cheeks, forehead and upper lip. It often has a waxing and waning course which requires a long-term treatment plan.

Although both melasma and sun spots are types of pigmentation, they are different conditions with different causes and treatment approaches. Melasma usually appears as larger, symmetrical brown or grey-brown patches on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip or chin. It is influenced by a combination of hormones, sun exposure and genetics, making it a chronic condition that may recur over time. Treatment often involves a combination of medical skincare, daily sun protection and carefully selected laser or light-based treatments. Sun spots (solar lentigines) are well-defined brown spots that develop gradually after years of ultraviolet (UV) exposure. They commonly occur on sun-exposed areas such as the face, hands, chest and shoulders. Unlike melasma, sun spots are primarily caused by cumulative sun damage and often respond to stronger pigment-specific laser treatments or Broadband Light (BBL), alongside appropriate skincare and sunscreen.Because melasma and sun spots behave differently, an accurate diagnosis is important before treatment. A personalised assessment helps determine the type of pigmentation and the most appropriate management plan.

Some forms of pigmentation, such as freckles, respond well to treatment, while others, such as melasma, may recur and often require long-term management.

Certain laser treatments may be considered for selected pigmentary conditions. Treatment depends on the type, depth and cause of pigmentation. Freckles and sun spots respond particularly well to laser treatments.

Ultraviolet exposure stimulates melanin production and may worsen existing pigmentation or contribute to recurrence following treatment.

Yes. Acne inflammation may result in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in individuals with darker skin types.

The most appropriate treatment depends on the type of pigmentation, skin type, depth of pigment and individual treatment goals.

The number of treatments varies depending on the condition being treated and individual response. Some pigmentary conditions require ongoing maintenance.

Yes. Certain forms of pigmentation, particularly melasma, may recur. Long-term sun protection and maintenance strategies are often important components of management.